This journal is committed to maintaining the highest standards of publication ethics and takes all possible measures against publication malpractice. All parties involved in the publication process—authors, editors, reviewers, and publishers—are expected to adhere to ethical standards.

Authors are responsible for ensuring that their work is original, properly cited, and free from fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate data manipulation.

Editors are responsible for making publication decisions based solely on the manuscript’s academic merit, without discrimination.

Reviewers must provide objective, constructive, and timely evaluations while maintaining confidentiality of the submitted work.

Any form of unethical behavior, including duplicate submission, undisclosed conflicts of interest, or data manipulation, will not be tolerated and may result in rejection or retraction of the manuscript.