• Authorship and Contribution: The journal adheres to the principle of authorship based on substantial contributions to the research. All listed authors should have made significant contributions to the conception, design, data collection, analysis, and interpretation of the study. It is essential to acknowledge the contributions of individuals who have participated in the research process. Any changes to the authorship must be agreed upon by all parties involved.

• Plagiarism and Originality: The journal strictly prohibits plagiarism in any form. Authors are responsible for ensuring that their work is entirely original and properly cited. Any quoted or paraphrased material must be appropriately referenced. Manuscripts found to have instances of plagiarism will be rejected. The journal employs plagiarism detection software to verify the originality of submissions.

• Data Integrity and Reproducibility: Authors are expected to present accurate and reliable data in their manuscripts. Manipulation, fabrication, or selective reporting of data is considered unethical. Raw data should be properly documented and preserved for a reasonable period after publication to facilitate verification and reproducibility of the study. If necessary, authors may be asked to provide access to the data for editorial review.

• Ethical Treatment of Subjects: Authors involving human or animal subjects in their research must adhere to ethical guidelines and obtain necessary approvals from relevant institutional review boards or ethics committees. Informed consent should be obtained from human participants, and the privacy and confidentiality of individual information must be protected. Any potential risks or conflicts of interest must be disclosed.

• Conflict of Interest: Authors are required to disclose any financial, personal, or professional conflicts of interest that may influence their research or its interpretation. Editors and reviewers are also expected to disclose any conflicts of interest that could affect the peer review process. Transparency in disclosing conflicts of interest is essential to maintain the integrity and objectivity of the publication.

• Peer Review Process: The journal follows a rigorous peer review process to ensure the quality and validity of published articles. Peer reviewers evaluate manuscripts impartially and provide constructive feedback to authors. Reviewers should disclose any conflicts of interest and maintain the confidentiality of the reviewed material. The journal aims to maintain a fair and timely review process.

• Corrections and Retractions: In case of errors or inaccuracies discovered after publication, authors are obligated to promptly inform the journal and cooperate in issuing corrections or retractions, as applicable. The journal will follow appropriate guidelines and procedures to rectify any inaccuracies or ethical concerns identified post-publication.

The journal is committed to upholding these publication ethics standards to maintain the integrity, trustworthiness, and academic rigor of its published articles. Authors, reviewers, and editors are expected to adhere to these principles to ensure the highest ethical standards in research and publication practices.