Smart Agriculture and Blockchain-Based Traceability for Enhancing Sustainable Food Supply Chain Resilience

Food supply chains face various challenges, including climate change, production variability, agricultural losses, and limited transparency in distribution systems. This study examines the integration of smart agriculture and blockchain technologies to improve the efficiency, traceability, and resilience of food supply chains. The proposed system utilizes Internet of Things sensors to collect information on soil conditions, moisture, temperature, and crop development, while blockchain technology is used to record production and distribution processes transparently. The findings indicate that real-time agricultural data can help farmers improve water and fertilizer use efficiency, while blockchain-based traceability systems can enhance transparency regarding the origin, quality, and distribution of food products. The integration of these technologies can also strengthen coordination among farmers, distributors, retailers, and consumers. This study demonstrates that digital transformation in agriculture can contribute to the development of more efficient, transparent, resilient, and sustainable food systems.